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September 11, 2023 | Blog, Learning Center
Academic publishing offers a platform for new ideas to shape society and deepen our understanding of the world. However, the language used to communicate those ideas significantly influences how readers perceive the people and communities being described. For this reason, academic writers and editors must prioritise inclusive language—language that is accurate, precise, and free from bias. Using inclusive language means deliberately choosing words that respect and represent diverse perspectives, identities, and experiences.
The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) states that “biased language … distracts many readers and makes the work less credible” (5.251, 5.253). Writers want their work to be widely read and well-received, and offending readers undermines that goal. In academic writing, it is therefore essential to avoid language that displays bias or may cause offence.
Inclusive language also signals that a writer understands current standards and discourse. If an author uses outdated or offensive terminology, readers may question their awareness of broader academic or social issues.
Because word meanings and cultural standards evolve, it can be difficult to stay current. Trusted style guides—including those from the American Medical Association (AMA), American Psychological Association (APA), and CMOS—offer detailed recommendations to help writers use inclusive, bias-free language. This article summarises the key points from those guidelines.
Before discussing gender bias, it is important to distinguish between sex and gender. Sexual orientation refers to romantic, emotional, or sexual attraction, while gender identity relates to how individuals perceive themselves, which may or may not align with conventional categories. Sex and gender should not be used interchangeably.
Respecting gender identity means using language that honours how individuals see themselves. Biased language marginalises those with nontraditional identities or orientations.
Although singular “they” has centuries of usage, its role in formal writing remains debated. AMA and APA accept it in cases of unknown or nonbinary gender, while CMOS permits it under certain conditions. Rewriting to avoid pronouns is often the best alternative.
To promote equity and accuracy, writers should avoid generalisations and outdated terms. The AMA, APA, and CMOS all offer guidance.
Terminology for Indigenous peoples varies across regions and communities. Writers should aim to reflect each group’s preferred terms and identities.
Indigenous peoples have a wide range of different identities, cultures and experiences, and the language we use should reflect that.
Two widely accepted approaches to discussing disability are person-first and identity-first language.
Use either approach respectfully, and follow the preference of the community or individual where known.
Use specific and neutral terms (e.g., “person with schizophrenia”).
Avoid stigmatising terms when writing about age.
Writers should use clear, respectful language when referring to economic or social class.
Because language evolves, it’s essential for writers and editors to stay informed. Terms once considered acceptable may become inappropriate over time. Continuously engaging with up-to-date style guides and community guidance is key to producing inclusive work.
Inclusive writing is more than just following rules—it’s about actively reflecting values of respect, fairness, and representation. A thoughtful approach to language helps ensure that all readers feel seen and respected.
If you’re concerned about unintentional bias in your writing, consider working with a professional editor. Our editors are experienced with the inclusive language standards of major style guides and can help ensure your work is respectful and well-received. Get an instant quote today.
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